Research Journal FINAL

Pavement


Cracks, bumps, and potholes are on every roads and highways that our tires ride over every day. But, have you ever noticed that some cracks and potholes form more often on certain roads? That’s because there are two types of pavements; asphalt and concrete pavement and they are made up of different materials and dominate differently.


Roads and highways are used constantly for access and mobility. The Encyclopedia Americana stated back in historical time of the early Christian era, trails were used as routes from Rome to China by caravans to freight animals. Even though trails were used then, it wasn’t till 1990 when automobile was invented and was considered the beginning of modern highway (“Roads” para 4).


Here in Utah we see a lot of asphalt paving, which goes for the United States as well. About 80 percent of that use is for highways, airports, school playgrounds, and other paving. The first use of asphalt street paving began in the 1800’s for Pitch Lake in Trinidad and the Bermudez deposit in Venezuela (Dresser, para 6). That had an influence for the United States to use asphalt for street paving. In the early 1870’s United States laid pavement in front of the city hall in Newark, New Jersey. Before asphalt was used for street paving, its main purpose made reservoirs, canals, and bathing pools watertight. Also, as early as 3800 B.C. it was used as mortar for building stones and paving blocks (Dresser, para 1).


Asphalt is black and dark brown solid or semisolid cementitious materials that gradually liquefy when heated. The main constituents are bitumens that occur in nature are obtained by refining petroleum (Dresser, para 8). With this paving material, asphalt actually paves about 90 percent of the United States city roads and almost all secondary roads (Dresser, para 14). Asphalt is widely used in the United States due to its durability, the smooth sailing ride, and the fast past of construction and maintenance it provides.


Before laying down any type of pavement, there has to be consideration for volume of traffic, speed, and capacity. For highway capacity, the maximum number of vehicles that can be expected to pass a given point over a given period of time is usually expressed as vehicle per hour. Under ideal conditions, one freeway lane can accommodate about 2,000 passenger cars per hour. A two-lane road can carry up to 1,000 passenger cars per hour in each direction. So, there is a relationship between vehicle speed and highway capacity. As the volume of traffic approaches capacity, average speed is reduced. With speeds in the 30-40 miles per hour range, a highway typically has reached it capacity (“Roads” para 6). With the design of freeways there are on and off ramps, keeping traffic off the freeways. The same concept is used for city roads, having intersections with traffic lights controls the road capacity.


Just like a casserole dish or a pie, the structure for roads and highways have layers; three layers. First, is the sub grade, which is the earth beneath the road. For this process it needs to be graded, compacted, and stabilized. The second layer usually holds most of the traffic weight, which is the base course. The base course is laid over the sub grade and should be several inches thick for binding the material. The final layer is what we see and drive on, the pavement or the wearing course. For this layer, asphalt or concrete pavement may be use, sometimes there isn’t a final layer.


With the structure of layers in mind, the actual asphalt paving is done with a machine that spreads the asphalt down evenly and with vibration it slightly compact the material down. But, the actual compaction is down with huge rollers. The final thickness of the asphalt with compaction rages anywhere from 2 to 12 inches depending on how of the road is used (“Roads” para 21). The thickness of the asphalt pavement is a tough and flexible finish that supports the weight of traffic.


Only 12 inches deep, asphalt roads is occupied by hundreds and thousands of motorist ever day commuting to work, school, and many other traveling reasons. With the traffic weight on these roads it is bound to have road damage. The most common damages the roads posses are cracks and potholes. Like most material and products, wear and tear causes deterioration. Weather plays a crucial part in road damages as well. Once a crack is formed by traffic volume or fractures on the side of the road, water can then get under the pavement and starts eroding away the material causing it to sink down and break. Majority of the cracks and potholes are formed during the winter and spring seasons. During the winter time, the water under the pavement can freeze and expand then it thaws and contracts. The thawing and freezing cycle causes the pavement to break faster under the weight of traffic, which loosens the pavement making it crumble and pop out forming potholes (“Transportation” para 23).


From the observations I made in my neighborhood, the asphalt roads consist of several potholes. Over a short period of time, I have noticed motorist driving over these holes as if they don’t exist and watching these potholes grow in dimension with no repairs. According to the Highway Department, the general criterion for repairing a pothole is that a hole in the pavement has to be 2 inches or more in depth and over 8 inches in diameter. Also, where the pothole is located at and the condition it is in will determine the consideration for the repair. Potholes are temporary repairs, especially during the cold and wet weather. Since, cold asphalt mix is being used; the material doesn’t stick as well compared with hot asphalt mix that is used during the war seasons. Even with the temporary fixes, the usage of the road will eventually break again. In certain counties, road repair is classified by priorities. First, are high volume and high speed routes that connect major sections. Second, are those providing access to schools and businesses. The third priority roads are low volume routes. Sometimes potholes can’t be filled due to the responsibility of the property owner, underground utilities, and near railroad tracks (“Potholes” para 6). Since asphalt pavement is widely used, the life expectancy is only 7 to 10 years (Brock, para 3) and the cost of tax payers repairing potholes over and over again can be very costly. When asphalt road is ruin the best solution for prolonging the life is to reconstruct the road.


On a personal opinion, driving over potholes is very irritating and it leaves me pondering if my vehicle will ever function the same again. Potholes are inevitable and my cause serious damage to an automobile. When potholes are formed, loose gravel is scattered all over the road then it waits for a vehicle to kick it up to create a rock chip in another vehicle’s windshield and that could lead to a broken windshield. Other problems that could occur when driving over a pothole is realignment, shocks, struts or even engine mounts that needs to be fixed. If you’re lucky enough to hit a crater, you can be paying big bucks to get a new stabilizer links, axles, or new wheels and rims (Baca, para 11). Regardless of the damages that potholes can cause towards a vehicle, it’s an expensive fix due to parts and labor that needs to be done.


Although asphalt is prone to potholes it’s not the only type of pavement that’s being used on the streets today; concrete roads is becoming more popular for street paving these days. Concrete pavement is mostly common in states with high traffic volume such as California. Nationwide, traffic congestion is growing worse and the Federal Highway Administration had recommended increasing highway capacity along with widening local arterial roads with concrete pavement (Brock, para 1). Even here in the state of Utah we are beginning to see changes on I-15 and 2-15 as they expand in lanes and reconstructing the freeway with concrete pavement. Concrete pavement is being used all over the country because of its durability, long life, and low maintenance.


Unlike asphalt, concrete key ingredient is a binding medium of small pieces of rock or other materials that are embedded. Most concrete pavement is from Portland cement which has elements of the earth’s crust; silica and calcium (Cordon, para 1). Damages are done by the weather as well, when freezing and thawing occurs. Concrete also shrinks and expand when moisture hits. The design and process of laying concrete pavement have been strategically planned out for those reasons. For strength in concrete pavement, reinforcement is used to release these stresses. The combination with concrete is steel, they work well together in reinforcing concrete because they have similar coefficients of thermal expansion (Cordon, para 72).


Concrete roads are paved into sections of slabs. Within these slabs, concrete is poured over steel rods, dowel bars, or metal bars that distribute the weight load of heavy traffic which increase the roads life and reduces noise (Brock, para 9). The slabs are placed inches apart from each other and are filled with a tar like substance to help with the shrinkage and expansions that occurs within the concrete. Also, cutting notches into the concrete at intervals helps prevent cracking, reducing the amount of damages and potholes. With the durability of the material, reinforcement, and surfacing of the pavement; concrete roads life expectancy is 30 to 40 years, some have last almost 100 years old (Brock, para 7) compared with asphalt road it last 23 years or longer without continuing repairs.


Concrete roads have been used in the United States since Michigan laid the first mile of its material in 1909. But, the use of concrete itself was been known by human kind for the past 5,000 years (Cordon, para 5). In the United States cement became widely used in the 1820’s, the most important structure was built during this time was the Erie Canal (Cordon, para 8). Most of the credit goes to the Romans structures, the Pantheon and the Coliseum, which are still standing today. These structures show pure durability and high quality that concrete provides.


With these long standing structures and building it proves that paving roads with concrete will provide strength, high quality, durability, and longevity. Added reinforcement bars, notches, and surface filling will help prevent cracking and potholes. With limited potholes from these technical designs and techniques, motorist will have less windshield repair, auto repairs, and less car accidents on the road from dodging potholes. Concrete is relatively at its lowest cost which lead to the wide use of concrete. So, why doesn’t the United States take in consideration of reconstructing all primary and secondary roads with concrete to help the economy in the future?


Works Cited


Elena Baca, Maria. "Where the rubber meets the (hole in the) road: Potholes in pavement are feasting on our cars, turning tires and suspensions into heaps of automotive trash." Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN) 05 Apr. 2010: Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web. 7 Apr. 2010.


Brock,Ed."Science paves the roads of the future."American City & County121.8 (2006): 20- 22. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 7 Apr. 2010.


Cordon, William A. "Concrete." Encyclopedia Americana. 2010. Grolier Online. 30 Mar. 2010 .


Dresser, Richard C. "Asphalt." Encyclopedia Americana. 2010. Grolier Online. 1 Apr. 2010 .


"Roads and Highways." Encyclopedia Americana. 2010. Grolier Online. 31 Mar. 2010 .


Potholes. Clermontengineer.org. Clermont County. n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2010.


Potholes and Potholes Ranger. Seattle.gov. Department of Transportation, Dec. 2009. Web. 04 Apr. 2010.

Research Journal - 1st Draft Part 3

Cracks, bumps, and potholes are on every roads and highways that our tires ride over every day. But, have you ever noticed that some cracks and potholes for more often on certain roads? That’s because there are two types of pavements; asphalt and concrete pavement. And they are made up of different materials and sustain differently.


Roads and highways are used constantly for access and mobility. The Encyclopedia Americana by Grolier stated back in historical time of the early Christian era, trails were used as routes from Rome to China by caravans to freight animals (Grolier, para 4). Even though trails were used then, it wasn’t till 1990 when automobile was invented and was considered the beginning of modern highway.


Here in Utah we see a lot of asphalt paving, which goes for the United States as well. About 80 percent of that use is for highways, airports, school playgrounds, and other paving. The first use of asphalt street paving began in the 1800s for Pitch Lake in Trinidad and the Bermudez deposit in Venezuela (Grolier, Asphalt para 6). That had an influence for the United States to use asphalt for street paving. In the early 1870s United States laid pavement in front of the city hall in Newark, New Jersey. Before asphalt was used for street paving, its main purpose made reservoirs, canals, and bathing pools watertight. Also, as early as 3800 B.C. it was used as mortar for building stones and paving blocks (Grolier, Asphalt para 1).


Asphalt are black and dark brown solid or semisolid cementitious materials that gradually liquefy when heated. The main constituents are bitumens that occur in nature are obtained by refining petroleum (Grolier, Asphalt para 8). With this paving material, asphalt actually paves about 90 percent of the United States city roads and almost all secondary roads (Grolier, Asphalt para 14). Asphalt is widely used in the United States due to its durability, the smooth sailing ride, and the fast past of construction and maintenance it provides.


Before laying down any type of pavement, there has to be consideration for volume of traffic, speed, and capacity. For highway capacity, the maximum number of vehicles that can be expected to pass a given point over a given period of time is usually expressed as vehicle per hour. Under ideal conditions, one freeway lane can accommodate about 2,000 passenger cars per hour. A two-lane road can carry up to 1,000 passenger cars per hour in each direction. So, there is a relationship between vehicle speed and highway capacity. As the volume of traffic approaches capacity, average speed is reduced. With speeds in the 30-40 miles per hour range, a highway typically has reached it capacity (Grolier para 6). With the design of freeways there are on and off ramps, keeping traffic off the freeways. The same concept is used for city roads. Having intersections with traffic lights controls the road capacity.


Just like a casserole dish or a pie, the structure for roads and highways have layers; three layers. First, is the subgrade, which is the earth beneath the road. For this process it needs to be graded, compacted, and stabilized. The second layer usually holds most of the traffic weight, which is the base course. The base course is laid over the subgrade and should be several inches thick for binding the material. The final layer is what we see and drive on, the pavement or the wearing course. For t his layer, asphalt or concrete pavement may be used, sometimes there isn’t a final layer.


With the structure of layers in mind, the actual asphalt paving is done with a machine that spreads the asphalt down evenly and with vibration it slightly compact the material down. But, the actual compaction is down with huge rollers. The final thickness of the asphalt with compaction rages anywhere from 2 to 12 inches depending on how of the road is used (Grolier, para 21). The thickness of the asphalt pavement is a tough and flexible finish that’s about to suppose the weight of traffic.


Only 12 inches deep, asphalt roads is occupied by hundreds and thousands of motorist ever day commuting to work, school, and many other traveling reasons. With the traffic weight on these roads it is bound to have road damage. The most common damages the roads posses are cracks and pot holes. Like most material and products, wear and tear causes

Research Journal - 1st Draft part 2

Cracks, bumps, and potholes are on every roads and highways that our tires ride over every day. But, have you ever noticed that some cracks and potholes for more often on certain roads? That’s because there are two types of pavements; asphalt and concrete pavement. And they are made up of different materials and sustain differently.


Roads and highways are used constantly for access and mobility. The Encyclopedia Americana by Grolier stated back in historical time of the early Christian era, trails were used as routes from Rome to China by caravans to freight animals (Grolier, para 4). Even though trails were used then, it wasn’t till 1990 when automobile was invented and was considered the beginning of modern highway.


Here in Utah we see a lot of asphalt paving, which goes for the United States as well. About 80 percent of that use is for highways, airports, school playgrounds, and other paving. The first use of asphalt street paving began in the 1800s for Pitch Lake in Trinidad and the Bermudez deposit in Venezuela (Grolier, Asphalt para 6). That had an influence for the United States to use asphalt for street paving. In the early 1870s United States laid pavement in front of the city hall in Newark, New Jersey. Before asphalt was used for street paving, its main purpose made reservoirs, canals, and bathing pools watertight. Also, as early as 3800 B.C. it was used as mortar for building stones and paving blocks (Grolier, Asphalt para 1).


Asphalt are black and dark brown solid or semisolid cementitious materials that gradually liquefy when heated. The main constituents are bitumens that occur in nature are obtained by refining petroleum (Grolier, Asphalt para 8). With this paving material, asphalt actually paves about 90 percent of the United States city roads and almost all secondary roads. Asphalt is widely used in the United States due to its durability, the smooth sailing ride, and the fast past of construction and maintenance it provides.


Before laying down any type of pavement, there has to be consideration for volume of traffic, speed, and capacity. For highway capacity, the maximum number of vehicles that can be expected to pass a given point over a given period of time is usually expressed as vehicle per hour. Under ideal conditions, one freeway lane can accommodate about 2,000 passenger cars per hour. A two-lane road can carry up to 1,000 passenger cars per hour in each direction. So, there is a relationship between vehicle speed and highway capacity. As the volume of traffic approaches capacity, average speed is reduced. With speeds in the 30-40 miles per hour range, a highway typically has reached it capacity (Grolier para 6). With the design of freeways there are on and off ramps, keeping traffic off the freeways. The same concept is used for city roads. Having intersections with traffic lights controls the road capacity.


Just like a casserole dish or a pie, the structure for roads and highways have layers; three layers. First, is the subgrade, which is the earth beneath the road. For this process it needs to be graded, compacted, and stabilized. The second layer usually holds most of the traffic weight, which is the base course. The base course is laid over the subgrade and should be several inches thick for binding the material. The final layer is what we see and drive on, the pavement or the wearing course. For t his layer, asphalt or concrete pavement may be used, sometimes there isn’t a final layer.


With the structure of layers in mind, the actual asphalt paving is done with a machine that spreads the asphalt down evenly and with vibration it slightly compact the material down. But, the actual compaction is down with huge rollers. The final thickness of the asphalt with compaction rages anywhere from 2 to 12 inches depending on how of the road is used.

Research Journal - 1st Draft

Cracks, bumps, and potholes are on every roads and highways that our tires ride over every day. But, have you ever noticed that some cracks and potholes for more often on certain roads? That’s because there are two types of pavements; asphalt and concrete pavement. And they are made up of different materials and sustain differently.


Roads and highways are used constantly for access and mobility. The Encyclopedia Americana by Grolier stated back in historical time of the early Christian era, trails were used as routes from Rome to China by caravans to freight animals (Grolier, para 4). Even though trails were used then, it wasn’t till 1990 when automobile was invented and was considered the beginning of modern highway.


Here in Utah we see a lot of asphalt paving, which goes for the United States as well. About 80 percent of that use is for highways, airports, school playgrounds, and other paving. The first use of asphalt street paving began in the 1800s for Pitch Lake in Trinidad and the Bermudez deposit in Venezuela (Grolier, Asphalt para 6). That had an influence for the United States to use asphalt for street paving. In the early 1870s United States laid pavement in front of the city hall in Newark, New Jersey.

Multiple Perspectives Free Write-Student Choice 4

Multiple Perspective:
Asphalt pavement was first used in the US around 1870. It was considered to be cheap and easy labor. Even though it breaks down faster during the winter and spring time. Asphalt pavement provide us with a smooth and quiet ride. And if there is any work need to be done, asphalt is the way to fix it since it can be easily done and in a short amount of time. But compared with concrete pavement, it doesnt stand a chance, since concrete pavement is more durable and its life expectance is 30-40 year, even longer up to 100 years. Unlike asphalt it is made with better quality material and it also has reinforcement when being poured in sections on slabs. Since concrete pavement doesnt break down like asphalt, creating pot holes it wouldnt need to be filled up all the time with money that comes from tax payers, or would car owners have to take their vehicle into the shop getting there car fixed due to pots.

Student Choice 4-Free Write
Potholes are everywhere and come in different sizes and can only be fixed when it reaches 8 inches wide. With that in mind people driving over these holes are not seeing it causing sever damage to there vehicle such as alignment, tire balance, stuts...it can also be very expensive to fix due to the part that need to be bought and the labor that needs to be done. Pot holes usualy form during winter and spring time when the snow melts and seeps into the bottom of the pavement and starts eating it away. Asphalt, when in the process of deteriorating it breaks off by traffic volume and weight thats put on it and it starts chipping away. Asphalt pavement only last up to 5-7 years compared with concrete pavement it last up to 30-40 years because concrete is made up of... and when laid out it is reinforced with metal and steel bars.

Research Journal - Entry 5 and Student Choice 3

Annotated Bibliography 5:
-Cite
Brock,Ed."Science paves the roads of the future."American City & County 121.8 (2006): 20-22. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 7 Apr. 2010.

-Summary
Assertion-A variety of new paving materials and methods in asphalt and concfrete are available to meet the demand for new road construction.

Traffic conditions are getting worse and the Federal Highway Administration has recommended increasing highway capacity and widening local arterial roads. Two new form of asphalt, Stone Mix asphalt (SMA) and rubberized. SMA is an open-grade mix that consist of large stone aggregate combined with sand, asphalt, and fiber. Making a tough and durable surface. SMA doe cost more than regular mixes but the life span on it should range from 12-15 years than 7-10 years. Rubberized asphalt has pieces of recycled tire rubber that absorb sound and reduces surface damage caused by heat and cold. Concrete is durable and has a long life span. It is a common pavement in states with high traffic volume, particularly in the Midwest. Concrete life is 30-40 years, but some almost 100 years old. Its low maintenance. Dowel and metal bar distribute weight load through slbs on heavily trafficked concrete highways, increases road life and reduces noise.

-Reaction
Found information about how long concrete and asphalt last. I will use that in my paper. Also, the reinforcement of concrete.



Student Choice 3-Annotated Bibliography:
-Cite
Elena Baca, Maria. "Where the rubber meets the (hole in the) road: Potholes in pavement are feasting on our cars, turning tires and suspensions into heaps of automotive trash." Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN) 05 Apr. 2010: Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web. 7 Apr. 2010.

-Summary
Assertion-Bulding tires, cracked rims, broken springs.

Potholes causes damages to car and is expensive to repair. For '97 Honda Accord; shocks, struts, realighment, engine mounts estimated cost about $1,500. For 2006 Mazda rims, replacing all four cost as much as $300. In general broken stabilizer, bent wheels, and broekn axle can cost $700 to repair. Some new cars arent designed to take potholes to well because of large rims and low-profile "performance" tires. Compared with standard tires with 6-8 inches sidewall, these have 2-4 inches, said Mitch Mullenbach, a technician at Paul Williams Tire in Minneapolis. Not follwing maufactures' inflation guidelines can ruin tires. Over inflated tires can maximize gas mileage but having it over or underinflation is dangerous as well.

-Reaction
Information isnt to specific, but cost of repair on parts was good since I couldnt find prices for those repairs. Could be because of different types of vehicle cost could be less or more, also cost for labor.

Research Journal-Entry 4 and 2 Student Choice

Annotated Bibliography 4:
-Cite
Potholes and Potholes Ranger. Seattle.gov. Department of Transportation, Dec. 2009. Web. 04 Apr. 2010.

-Summary
Assertion-Regardless of weather, potholes are a symptom of pavement that is wearing out.

Potholes occur most often during spring and winter, following periods of cold temperatures and rain or snow. Weight of traffic can increase potholes. Potholes are temporary fixes. For longer-term solution is to re-pave the street. Material used to fill potholes doesnt stick well to surrounding pavement when cold or wet. Repairs made in the winter may not last longer than on dry, warm pavement. Water and traffic cracks and breaks pavements. Water gets under the pavement and cracks, this could erode the material used under the pavement. Water under pavement can freeze and expand, and thaw and conctract during winter time.

-Reaction
Great information. Will use in my paper.



Student Choice 1-Annoated Bibliography:
-Cite
Potholes. Clermontengineer.org. Clermont County. n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2010.

-Summary
Assertion- An important part of road maintenace is the repair of potholes.

When moisture gets into pavement, freezing, expanding, and then thawing. This weakensthe pavement and causes potholes. Traffic then loosen more pavement then it crumbles and pops out. General criteria for repair is a hole in the pavement that is 2 inches or more deep and over 8 inches in diameter. During winter, potholes are temporarily repaired with cold asphalt mix because manufacturers of hot asphalt are closed. Road repair comes first to high volume and high speeh routes and to access for emergency. Second, is to schools and commercial business. Third priority roads are low volume rural routes. Potholes could cause accidents, damage car's tires, wheels, shocks, struts, and springs.

-Reaction
This is good additional information about potholes. Found out what size a potholes has to be before getting repaired. I would like to know more in depth about damages that can be done to cars.


Student Choice 2-Free Writing
I have collected a lot of information on concrete pavement and asphalt pavement. Purpose of roads and highways is for access and mobility. Back in historic time, Rome and China had trails used by caravans to frieght animals. But concidering modern history, highways began when automotive was introduced in the 1900's.

There is too much information, information over-load here! Im going to try to outline my paper. Hopefully it will narrow down some information of the research I to use. First, I like to state my proposal. Then, reflect back on history of roads, when they were used and why. Followed by history of concrete and asphalt use. Also, showing what the material is made of. Pros and cons of the pavement. Damages dont to asphalt road vs concrete. Such as more potholes and damages of cars due to potholes. Maybe some stats if possible.

Research Journal - Entry 2 and 3

Annotated Bibliography 2:
-Cite
Dresser, Richard C. "Asphalt." Encyclopedia Americana. 2010. Grolier Online. 1 Apr. 2010 .

-Summary
Assertion-Asphalt, a material used in building and paving since ancient times.

3800 B.C. used as mortar for building stones and paving blocks. It made reserviors, canals, and bathing pool watertight. About 80% of the asphalt used in the U.S. is for highways, airports, and other paving. U.S. began to use asphalt in 1870 with laying of a stretch of pavement infront of the city hall in Newark, NJ. Most asphalt used in the U.S. now comes from refining of crude petroleum. Since WW2, asphalt used for surfacing primary highways and other heavy duty roads because of its economy, speed of construction, durability, easily repaired, and riding comfort.

-Reaction
Good history. Lots of information about how asphalt is moade and refined. Some information on paving roads. (I need to read more articles and compare on this subject).


Annotated Bibliography 3:
-Cite
Cordon, William A. "Concrete." Encyclopedia Americana. 2010. Grolier Online. 30 Mar. 2010 .

-Summary
Assertion-Concrete is a composite material whose key ingredient is a binding medium in which small pieces of rock or ot her materials are embedded.

Stated that concrete been used by human for the past 5,000 years. Also, hisory of where and rememoriable stuctures of concrete. It explained what portland cement is made up of and how it is mixed; why cement is durable and why it shrinks and expands. It also explanned why concrete needs reinforcement.

-Reaction
There is a lot of information not needed for my paper. I need to reread highlighted areas and decided what is necessary.

Research Journal - Guide and Entry 1

Research Guide:
1. Asphalt roads take less time to pave. Concrete roads last longer than asphalt roads. Asphalt roads get damaged easier. Pot holes ruin/lossen some parts of a vehicle.
2. History of highways and why it changed. How long each type of roads last/weight limit. Cost of construction. Types of damaged to cars by bad roads. Who pays for the constructions.
3. Tax payers, vehicle owners, construction employees and companys, state, and commuters.
4. News, internet, people who uses the roads.
5. Through the website provide (http://libweb.slcc.edu).
6. No.
7. On days off, research topic and several articles sent to my email. Following day read and do annotated bibliography entry. Maximum of 3 hours. Extra time and research on weekends.




Annotated Bibliography Entry 1:
-Cite
"Roads and Highways." Encyclopedia Americana. 2010. Grolier Online. 31 Mar. 2010 .

-Summary
Assertion-Highway now connotes a higher state of developement than roads, but the words are almost interchangable.

Roads and highways purpose is for access and mobility. History of modern highway began when automobile was introduced in 1900's. But dated back from Rome to China in early Christian era, trails were used by caravans of freight animals. Back in Rome roads were built out of small stones. Modern road paving began in France. Description of material that asphalt and concrete is made of. Also, how many passenger per hour a lane can hold. By 1929, all states taxed gasoline, highway users taxes was main source of highway revenues. Since 1956, federal assistant for highway construction was through Highway Trust funds, they reieved revenues from special taxes on highway users and most from fuel taxes.

-Reaction
I would definitely used the information about bituminous pavement (asphalt) and Portland-cement concrete pavement; materials used and how its paved. Also, info on freeway lanes accommodation and some history. I still want to know exact weight litimit the pavement could sustain and more on taxes for construction.

Research Journal - Topic and Questions - Tutorials

Topic:
Concrete pavement should replace asphalt pavement on freeways, main roads, and neighborhood roads.


Questions:
1. How long does each last.
2. Who pays for repair.
3. How much taxes will be raised for repair.
4. Process of laying out road.
5. Damages towards cars from ruin roads.
6. Cost and maintainence for road repairs.


Tutorials:
I listened to some, but some I skipped.

Final-Reflection

First True Love


He was a beauty. The sun glistened off the newly waxed white paint and a carbon fiber hood as a face lift. Reflections beamed off the dark tinted windows. He sat four inches off the ground, hugging the black tar roads as tight as possible with his white sparkling powder coated SI rims, clear corner lights that shined with hyper white bulbs, and a tattoo of a blue Hawaiian lei scented like the cool ocean breeze always hung from the Broadway mirror. Oh, he was a beauty alright! My 1998 five speed manual, three door, LS Acura Integra hatchback known as my Teggie.


Teggie was pretty spoiled for the amount of dough I didn’t have but, work was put into him over time. First, all four original springs were taken out and two and a half coils were clipped off like toe nails. It was slammed! And it caught every eagle eye’s attention that mobbed the streets; at every red stop sign and changing lights. It took every corner and winding road like a dime. But, as sweet as he can be there were flaws of lying so low. Especially when it came to any size speed bumps (XS, S, M, L, and XL), dips in the neighborhood roads, pot holes throughout the city, and uneven railroads tracks. Techniques and swerving maneuver had to be perfected to overcome those obstacles. Brakes were used frequently. Usually slowing Teggie down to a complete stop. Then, hand over hand turning the steering wheel while angling Teggie to a 45 degree angle and slowly crawling at two to five MPH up and over these barriers. Making sure there were no gashes in the front bumper, scratches on the exhaust, or leaving anything behind. These techniques made us popular. Anyone who drove behind us became our number one fan. They cheered by honking their horns and waving their hands in the air with their middle finger saying “Hi!” That wasn’t a bother. All that mattered was that Teggie was more aerodynamic.


Outer cosmetic wasn’t the only thing Teggie had done. Increasing horse power was completed by replacing the stock air filter with a shiny black, blue, and silver INJEN Technology cold air intake. A new GReddy stainless steel headers and a hand me down metallic blue DC strut bar for Teggie’s stability. Oh yeah, a loud roaring ferocious beast he was and a fast one too! Not only did Teggie have a mean engine but a blasting stereo system as well. Connected to a removable red and blue flashing JVC stereo deck was the stock speakers and tweeters. They had long blue and red wires hooked up to an amplifier and a 12 inch Alpine subwoofer box. Boom…Boom…Boom… The system rocked harder than the Rise Against concert at the E Center. The base thump was brutal. So brutal that it rattled both the windows on the doors, readjusted the Broadway mirror to a slant, and vibrated the side view mirrors to no reflection. Teggie was perfect and ready for show and tell!


On warm summer nights, rituals were held every weekend down in the secluded factories of Salt Lake City. Supped up cars from Honda’s, Mitsubishi’s, Nissan’s, Toyota’s, Subaru’s, and all types of vehicles were parked diagonally in a single file line against the curb. As crowds of people of all gender, age, and color scattered along the streets gawking as we lined up neck to neck with another Acura. In front of us was a girl with hair pulled back in a ponytail, short shorts, and a shimmering tank top. Engines were revving, tires were burning, and clouds of smoke filled the air. While the girl threw both her hands over her head, then out to her sides, finally she bends her knees touching both them hands down to the ground. Tires were screeching and nothing was heard for the next quarter mile until we had the windows rolled down. The audience was whistling, hooting, and talking among themselves about our great performance.


Teggie and I participated in several exciting events and performances. But, a life changing predicament occurred on a crisp fall night, after a high scoring game of bowling. The roads were clearer than we had ever seen, not a soul insight as we traveled home on I-15 freeway connecting onto a ramp to I-215. Remembering how uneven the pavement was at the end of the turn gives me chills down my spine because that’s when everything lost control, going too fast over the uneven connecting roads. Spinning round and round making two full 360 degree turns; crossing over five lanes on the freeway. BAM! Colliding the passenger side straight into the cement barrier. My hands were clenched tightly around the gray steering wheel while the white heavy airbags punched me in the face. Then like a boomerang we bounced back rotating in half a circle and crashed the front driver side into the same barrier. Teggie ate it hard and had broken bumpers, lights, inside panels, mirrors, and everything. He was a disaster and didn’t survive. Tears streamed down my eyes as Teggie was being towed away from me, knowing it would never be the same again.


Teggie was wonderful. He took his life and spared mine. I’ll always remember how we rode the streets like we were invincible and how he spoke to me in his rumbling voice. So many remarkable life memories we had together. He was my first true love.

Final-Observation

Interacting


He was ours, the day we took home a four month old, male, Boxer mix Pit Bull puppy. He had short silky black fur with specks of dandruff that scattered from his head to his tail and a white Go T. He had ears bigger than Dumbo, flopped over forward as they dangled pass his brown pouting eyes and a head too big for his body making him look like a bubble head. A shy little fellow we called Jackson. Jackson was the newest member to our family after our bossy three year old daughter, Tylie. And our 15 month old, Momma’s boy, Vincent. Those three were inseparable from that day forth.


The Three Musketeers interacted with each other the moment their wide eyes opened to the morning sunlight and of course after they used the restroom. Tylie came stumbling out of the bedroom door carrying Jackson’s two foot by one and a half foot white cotton ball bed while dragging his green teddy bear blanket over her shoulder. Then, she places his bed on the ground and in the corner next to the chocolate microfiber sectional. Instantly, Jackson made himself comfortable sitting his butt down with a high posture. Meanwhile, Vincent came running out of his room with his legs swinging out to the side up to Jackson. Vincent says good morning to the puppy by rubbing his nose. As a response, Jackson sticks out his pink tongue and licks Vincent’s hands; first, on the palm, in between his fingers, then on the top of his hand, and all over. After morning greetings are done, Tylie gentle placed Jackson’s stainless steel bowl of water and Pedigree food on the ground and yells, “Come get it boy!” As Jackson strolls up to Tylie brushing his wet nose on Tylie’s purple cupcake pajamas. Once Jackson’s food was set down for him, Vincent came huddling over the brown and red pieces. Vincent then used his tiny pretzel size fingers and picked up one red triangular size bit and served it to his puppy. Then breakfast is served to all.


Morning time meant play time. As the kids screamed and yelled effortlessly up and down the hallway and in their room. Jackson would follow right behind them or dodging their every move as they came bolting at him. During one point, Tylie and Vincent went into their room and slammed the white door leaving Jackson hanging on the other side. Jackson rapidly wagged his tail as he got down on his front two legs and hairy butt in the air, barking until someone cracked open the door. Then Jackson pushed his way through. Not only did Jackson want to play with the kids, it was also vice versa. Vincent would grab Jackson’s red and neon green ball with a yellow rope, which smelt like an old dirty wet rag and hammered it on Jackson’s head and forcing the toy in his mouth. Besides being ruthless to Jackson, Vincent would also grip his tiny hands around the slobbering ball and chucked it three feet across the room and Jackson fetches the ball and brings it back to Vincent. Tylie on the other hand was more gentle and sparked conversation with Jackson. Dressed in her sparkling turquoise and pink Ariel custom Tylie asked Jackson, “I’ll be the princess and you be the prince, Okay?” She also teaches Jackson tricks. Holding in her left hand was a little brown piece of Canine Combos beef jerky stick that she hid behind her back. First, she placed her right hand in a fist in front of Jackson and yells her demands, “Jackson, siiit…siiit!” As she steps backwards and straighten out her fist she says, “Stay…Jackson…Stay…” Then, she pats both her thighs and cheerfully says, “Come here boy!” As Jackson listened to her commands he got a little reward.


Jackson became very protective of the kids and guarding their every move by turning his head left and right wherever the kids positioned. Also, anyone who handled the kids roughly Jackson was sure to get in between them and barking. The kids became attached to Jackson as well. Wherever Jackson lay, Tylie and Vincent was sure to be there. Also, Jackson did not mind if the kids lay on his cotton ball cloud with him or climbing and giving him hugs and kisses. Nor did the kids mind Jackson resting his big head on their laps or chasing them around the house. The three of them became very connected to each other and the bonding is still growing as they grow and progress together.

Final-Analysis

Light and Contrast


Lighting and contrast plays a crucial part in the episode of Angel: Are You Now or Have You Ever Been Here? Throughout the episode you can see that the lighting and contrast shows what time period the scene is going to be, what the characters are showing in their roles, and foreshadowing during the episode because of the special effects and shadow enhancements.


At the beginning of the episode we knew the story was going to take place in the past because the photo of the Hyperion Hotel is shown in black and white. A great way of taking us back was slowly adding color to the photo like the green trees and movement to the old classic black and blue vehicles. Also, as the doormen opened the door, he made direct eye contact with me and welcomed me into the past as the scene started to focus in and the music got louder. That concept reminded me of a scene from the Titanic movie, which is a powerful way to engage and grab the viewer’s attention. Another way of changing scenes was when Angel appeared dark in scenery, moving and stumbling around in the present then ended up in the past. Because of the contrast and movement in pitch black it made Angel travel through time more effectively than cutting out the end of the scene and starting a new one.


Another scene when Judy was standing in her room in front of the fireplace, trying to spark a cigarette nervously, this scene shot Judy’s front side dark in contrast implementing Judy has faced and done something wrong. And her back side was bright in contrast stating she is looking for justification in the end. As she started to ramble on impulsively, the room lit up brighter telling me she was ready for confession. This scene is followed by the stolen money Judy took from her previous employer, which foreshadowed her true guilt later on in the episode. Also, when she told Angel, “Because I'm not what I say I am. I've been passing since I was 15 years old.” The lighting made Judy’s skin tone appear darker almost black, revealing her true color underneath her light colored skin. Judy also clearly asked for forgiveness when she said, “Hey, do you think that if – if somehow-the money ended up on the banks doorstep, and they saw that I didn’t spend any of it, you think they’d call off that detective? Maybe I could be free of this whole thing.” As that was being said a beam of light shined down on Judy’s face. The director is telling the audience that God is looking down on her and all her sins will be forgiven. At the very end of this scene it closes in on Angel’s face then slowly fading away the shot. The scene was shot this way because it is indicating there will be a continuing scene later on. Not only that, the way they captured Angel’s face with his pupil centered to his eyes made it so Angel was talking directly to the viewers and stating there will be reassurance to that question.


In the middle of the episode as Judy is being accused of killing the salesman, the hallway lights on the left and right side acted as guidance to the beginning climax of the scene while it illuminated down to the center of the crowd. As Angel stride down the hallway to help Judy out, Angel appeared blackened in the shadow, not able to see any facial features or clothing color. This indicated that he will be the dark evil villain. As tough as Angel is he endured the violent beating from the hotel guest. This was interesting because he could have slaughtered and ate them all up in less than a second, but Angel intended to do that to save Judy’s life. The scene showed it as well because when Angel’s vision blurred out on Judy, it signified Judy’s problem with the hotel guest would fade away and be taken care of by Angel.


In the last scene Judy could not go on because of her guilt. She had blamed the murder of the salesman on Angel and had him killed by the hotel employees and guest. There was no evidence or physical force that kept Judy inside of the Hyperion Hotel safe from harm of her unrighteousness doing. But as Angel laid Judy’s fragile body down, the green walls and ceiling lit up all around Judy and Angel. As Angel slowly pulled back, this showed Judy’s spirit will soon be lifted by Angel. When Angel forgave Judy of the cause of his death we knew Judy’s problem was going to be content because of the slow heavenly music being played in the background and high contrast on Judy’s smiling face as she was lying down. When she passed away, it was a sign that her sins were forgiven and Judy was able to go on. Judy was not the only one who found forgiveness, but Angel as well because he was the one giving it to Judy. With tears about to shed from Angel, which meant he seemed grateful to do so, like he never had done it before. The ability to do such a thing meant he was like any other living soul.


As concluded, foreshadowing is a great way to lead viewers on through the show. Also, light and contrast is an effective way of grabbing attention and letting your audience know what is going on and how things may turn out, if there is enough depth and reading into the scenes.

Self Evaluation-Mid Term

1.The best part of this portfolio was writing about my kids. Also, my reflection paper because I felt I had a good beginning paragraph. Also, I liked the structure of the paper and plenty of sensory details description.


2.I feel like I have several weaknesses. I felt more description and time could have been put into it. Less summary and better concluding paragraphs. I had a hard time coming up with topics and writing a thesis sentence.


3.My goal for the next assignment is to spend more time on writing and revising my own work. Also, in peer review because for some reason I feel rushed to read through others paper (maybe because they finish before me?) Having more description and supporting evidence. Work on grammar and “Local” issues.


4.I believe I deserve a B because I did all the assignments on time, attended all peer reviews, and took advice from your comments. But, I did turn in assignment that didn’t meet the length requirement, probably had some passive sentences after I revised it several time, could have more details and development and less summary.

Analysis-Light and Contrast 2nd Draft

Light and Contrast


Lighting and contrast plays a crucial part in the episode of Angel: Are You Now or Have You Ever Been Here? And throughout the episode you can see that the lighting and contrast shows what time period the scene is going to, what the characters are condescending, and foreshadowing during the episode because of the special effects and shadow enhancements.


At the beginning of the episode we knew the story was going to take place in the past because the photo of the Hyperion Hotel is in black and white. And a great way of taking us back was slowly adding color to the photo like the green trees and movement to the old classic black and blue vehicles. Also, as the doormen opens the door, I felt like he was making direct eye contact with me and welcoming me to the past as the scene started to focus in and the music getting louder.
Another scene when Judy was standing in her room in front of the fireplace, trying to spark a cigarette nervously, this scene shot Judy’s front side dark in contrast implementing Judy has faced and done something wrong. And her back side bright in contrast stating she’s looking for justification in the end. Also, as she started to ramble on impulsively the room lit up brighter telling me she was ready for confession. This scene is followed by the stolen money and Judy clearly ask for forgiveness when she says, “Hey, do you think that if – if somehow-the money ended up on the banks doorstep, and they saw that I didn’t spend any of it, you think they’d call off that detective? Maybe I could be free of this whole thing.” As that is being said a beam of light is shining down on Judy’s face. I think the director is trying to tell the audience that God is looking down on Judy and all sins will be forgiven. Also, at the very end of this scene it closes in on Angel’s face then slowly fading away the shot. This made me think there will be a continuing scene later on. Not only that, the way they captured Angel’s face with his pupil centered to his eyes made me feel Angel was talking to me and there will be reassurance to the question.


In the middle of the episode as Judy is being accused of the situation, the hallway lights on the left and right side acts as a guidance to the beginning climax of the scene while it aluminates down to the center of the crowd. As Angel strolls down the hallway to help Judy out Angel appears blackened in the shadow, not able to see any facial features or clothing color. This indicates to me that he will be the dark evil villain. Also, as tough as Angel is he endured the violent beating from the hotel guest. This was interesting to me because he could have slaughtered them all in less than a second, but I believe Angel did that to save Judy. And I think the scene shows it as well, when Angel’s vision blurs out on Judy it signified Judy’s problem with the hotel guest will fade away and be taken care of by Angel.


In the last scene Judy could not go on because of her guilt. There was no evidence or physical force that kept Judy inside of the Hyperion Hotel safe from harm of her unrighteousness doing. But as Angel laid Judy down, the green walls and ceiling lit up all around Judy even Angel. And as Angel slowly pulls back, this made me think that Judy’s spirit will soon be lifted by Angel. Then when Angel forgave Judy of the cause of his death we knew Judy’s problem was going to be content because of the slow heavenly music being played in the background and high contrast on Judy’s smiling face when she was lying down. Also, when she passes away it was a sign that her sins were forgiven and Judy was able to go on. Judy wasn’t the only who found forgiveness but Angel as well because he was the one giving it to Judy. With tears about to shed from Angel, which meant to me Angel seemed happy to do so like he never done it before and the ability to do such a thing meant he was like any other living soul.


As concluded, foreshadowing through light and contrast is an effective way of letting your audience know what is going on and how things may turn out if there is enough depth and reading into the scene.

Observation-Interacting 2nd Draft

He was ours, the day we took home a four month old, male, Boxer mix Pit Bull puppy. He has short silky black fur with specks of dandruff that scattered from his head to his tail and a white Go T. He has ears bigger than Dumbo, flopped over forward as they dangle pass his brown pouting eyes and a head too big for his body making him look like a bubble head. A shy little fellow we called Jackson. Jackson was the newest member to our family after our bossy three year old daughter, Tylie. And our 15 month old, momma’s boy, Vincent. Those three were inseparable from that day forth.


The Three Musketeers interacted with each other the moment their wide eyes open to the morning sunlight and of course after they use the restroom. Tylie would come stumbling out of the bedroom door carrying Jackson’s two foot by one and a half foot white cotton ball bed while dragging his green teddy bear blanket over her shoulder. Then, she places his bed on the ground and in the corner next to the chocolate microfiber sectional. Instantly, Jackson would make himself comfortable sitting his butt down with a high posture. Meanwhile, Vincent comes running with his legs swinging out to the side up to Jackson. Vincent says good morning to Jackson by rubbing his nose. As a response, Jackson sticks out his pink tongue and licks Vincent’s hands; first, on the palm, in between his fingers, then on the top of his hand, and all over. After morning greetings are done, Tylie gentle places Jackson’s stainless steel bowl of water and Pedigree food on the ground and yells, “Come get it boy!” As Jackson strolls up to Tylie brushing his wet nose on Tylie’s purple cupcake pajamas. And breakfast is served to all.


Morning time means play time. As the kids scream and yell effortlessly up and down the hallway and in their room. Jackson is following right behind them or dodging their every move as they come bolting at him. During one point, Tylie and Vincent went into their room and slammed the door leaving Jackson hanging on the other side. Jackson rapidly wagged his tail as he got down on his front two legs barking, until someone cracked the door open and Jackson pushes his way through. Not only did Jackson want to play with the kids, it was also vice versa. Vincent would grab Jackson’s red and neon green ball with a yellow rope, which smells like an old dirty wet rag and hammered it on Jackson’s head and forcing the toy in his mouth. Besides being ruthless to Jackson Vincent would also grip his tiny hands around the slobbering ball and chucked it three foot across the room as Jackson fetches the ball and brings it back to Vincent. Tylie on the other hand was more gentle and sparked conversation with Jackson. She also teaches Jackson tricks. Holding in her left hand was a little brown piece of beef jerky stick hiding behind her back. First, she places her right hand in a fist in front of Jackson and yells her demands, “Jackson, siiit…siiit!” As she steps backwards and straighten out her fist she says, “Stay…Jackson…Stay…” Then, she pats both her thighs and cheerfully says, “Come here boy!” As Jackson listens to her commands he gets a little rewarded.


Jackson became very protective of the kids and guarding them every move. The kids became attached to Jackson as well, wherever he laid Tylie and Vincent was sure to be there and Jackson didn’t mind if the kids lay on his bed with him nor did the kids mind Jackson resting his big head on their laps. The three of them were very attached to each other and the bonding is still growing as they progress.

Reflection-First True Love 2nd Draft

He was a beauty. The sun glistened off the newly waxed white paint and a carbon fiber hood as a face lift. Reflections beamed off the dark tinted windows. He sat four inched off the ground, hugging the black tar roads as tight as possible with his white sparkling powder coated SI rims, clear corner lights that shined with hyper white bulbs, and a tattoo of a blue Hawaiian lei scented like the cool ocean breeze always hanging from the Broadway mirror. Oh, he was a beauty alright! My 1998 five speed manual, three door, LS Acura Integra hatchback known as my Teggie.


Teggie was pretty spoiled for the amount of dough I didn’t have but, work was put into him over time. First, all four original springs were taken out and two and a half coils were clipped off like toe nails. It was slammed! And it caught every eagle eye’s attention that mobbed the streets; at every red stop sign and changing lights. It took every corner and winding road like a dime. But, as sweet as he can be there were flaws of lying so low. Especially when it comes to any size speed bumps (XS, S, M, L, XL), dips in the neighborhood roads, pot holes throughout the city, and uneven railroads tracks. Techniques and swerving maneuver had to be perfected to overcome these obstacles. Brakes were used frequently. Usually slowing Teggie down to a complete stop. Then, hand over hand turning the steering wheel while angling Teggie to a 45 degree angle and slowly crawling at two to five MPH up and over these barriers. Making sure there’s no gashes in the front bumper, scratches on the exhaust, or leaving anything behind. These techniques made us popular. Anyone who was driving behind us was our number one fans. They cheer by honking their horns and waving their hands in the air with their middle finger saying “Hi!” That wasn’t a bother. All that matter was that Teggie was more aerodynamic.


Outer cosmetic wasn’t the only thing Teggie had done. Increasing horse power was completed by replacing the stalk air filter with a shiny black, blue, and silver INJEN Technology cold air intake. A new GReddy stainless steel headers and a hand me down metallic blue DC strut bar for Teggie’s stability. Oh yeah, a loud roaring ferocious beast he was and a fast one too! Teggie not only have a mean engine but a blasting stereo system as well. Connected to a removable red and blue flashing JVC stereo deck were the stalk speakers and tweeters. They had long blue and red wires hooked up to an amplifier and a 12 inch Alpine subwoofer box. Boom…Boom…Boom… They system rocked harder than the Rise Against concert at the E Center. The base thump was brutal. So brutal that it rattled both the windows on the doors, readjusted the Broadway mirror to a slant, and vibrated the side view mirrors to no reflection. Teggie was perfect and ready for show and tell!


On warm summer night’s rituals were held every weekend down in the secluded factories of Salt Lake City. Supped up cars from Hondas, Mitsubishis, Nissans, Toyotas, Subaru’s, and all types of vehicles were parked diagonally in a single file line against the curb. As crowds of people of all gender, age, and color scattered along the streets gawking as we lined up neck to neck with another Acura. In front of us was a girl with hair pulled back in a ponytail, short shorts, and a shimmering tank top. Engines are revving, tires are burning, and clouds of smoke filled the air. While the girl throws both her hands over her head, then out to her sides, finally she bends her knees touching both them hands down to the ground. Tires are screeching and nothing was heard for the next quarter mile until we had the windows rolled down. The audience was whistling, hooting, and talking among themselves about our great performance.


Teggie and I participated in several exciting events and performances. But, a life changing predicament occurred on a crisp fall night after a high scoring game of bowling. The roads were clearer than we’ve ever seen, not a soul insight as we traveled home on I-15 freeway connecting onto a ramp to I-215. Remembering how uneven the pavement was at the end of the turn gives me chills down my spine because that’s when everything lost control, going too fast over the uneven connecting roads. Spinning round and round making two full 360 degree turns; crossing over five lanes on the freeway. BAM! Colliding the passenger side straight into the cement barrier. My hands were clenched tightly around the gray steering wheel while the white heavy airbags punched me in the face. Then like a boomerang we bounced back rotating in half a circle and crashed the front driver side into the same barrier. Teggie ate it hard and had broken bumpers, lights, inside panels, mirrors, and everything. He was a disaster and didn’t survive. Tears streamed down my eyes as Teggie was being towed away from me, knowing it would never be the same again.


Teggie was wonderful. He took his life and spared mine. I’ll always remember how we rode the streets like we we’re invincible and how he spoke to me in his rumbling voice. So many remarkable life memories we had together. He was my first true love.

Analysis-Forgiveness 1st Draft

Forgiveness


Throughout the episode forgiveness is being seek by Judy and was found because Angel set her soul free when he forgave her for the cause of his death.


Standing in front of the fireplace in Judy’s room, trying to spark a cigarette nervously, this scene shot Judy’s front side dark in contrast implementing Judy has faced and done something wrong. And her back side bright in contrast stating she’s looking for justification in the end. This scene is followed by the stolen money and Judy clearly ask for forgiveness when she says, “Hey, do you think that if – if somehow-the money ended up on the banks doorstep, and they saw that I didn’t spend any of it, you think they’d call off that detective? Maybe I could be free of this whole thing.” As that is being said a beam of light is shining down on Judy’s face letting the audience know that God is looking down on her and all sins will be forgive.


In the last scene Judy could not go on because of her guilt. There was no evidence or physical force that kept Judy inside of the Hyperion Hotel safe from harm of her unrighteousness doing. When Angel forgave Judy of the cause of his death we knew Judy’s problem was going to be content because of the slow heavenly music being played in the background and high contrast on Judy’s smiling face when she was lying down. Also, when she passes away it was a sign that her sins were forgiven and Judy was able to go on. Judy wasn’t the only who found forgiveness but Angel as well because he was the one giving it to Judy.

Observation-Interaction 1st Draft

He was ours, the day we took home a four month old, male, Boxer mix Pit Bull puppy. He has short silky black fur with specks of dandruff that scattered from his head to his tail and a white Go T. He has ears bigger than Dumbo, flopped over forward as they dangle pass his brown pouting eyes and a head too big for his body making him look like a bubble head. A shy little fellow we called Jackson. Jackson was the newest member to our family after our bossy three year old daughter, Tylie. And our 15 month old, momma’s boy, Vincent. Those three were inseparable from that day forth.


The Three Musketeers interacted with each other the moment their wide eyes open to the morning sunlight and of course after they use the restroom. Tylie would come stumbling out of the bedroom door carrying Jackson’s two foot by one and a half foot white cotton ball bed while dragging his green teddy bear blanket over her shoulder. Then, she places his bed on the ground and in the corner next to the chocolate microfiber sectional. Instantly, Jackson would make himself comfortable sitting his butt down with a high posture. Meanwhile, Vincent comes running with his legs swinging out to the side up to Jackson. Vincent says good morning to Jackson by rubbing his nose. As a response, Jackson sticks out his pink tongue and licks Vincent’s hands; first, on the palm, in between his fingers, then on the top of his hand, and all over. After morning greetings are done, Tylie gentle places Jackson’s stainless steel bowl of water and Pedigree food on the ground and yells, “Come get it boy!” As Jackson strolls up to Tylie brushing his wet nose on Tylie’s purple cupcake pajamas. And breakfast is served to all.


After a balance breakfast, it was play time. As the kids scream and yell effortlessly up and down the hallway and in their room. Jackson is following right behind them or dodging their every move as they come bolting at him. During one point, Tylie and Vincent went into their room and slammed the door leaving Jackson hanging on the other side. Jackson rapidly wagged his tail as he got down on his front two legs barking, until someone cracked the door open and Jackson pushes his way through. Not only did Jackson want to play with the kids, it was also vice versa. Vincent would grab Jackson’s red and neon green ball with a yellow rope, which smells like an old dirty wet rag and hammered it on Jackson’s head and forcing the toy in his mouth. Besides being ruthless to Jackson Vincent would also grip his tiny hands around the ball and chucked it three foot across the room as Jackson fetches the ball and brings it back to Vincent. Tylie on the other hand was more gentle and sparked conversation with Jackson. She also teaches Jackson tricks. Holding in her left hand was a little brown piece of beef jerky stick hiding behind her back. First, she places her right hand in a fist in front of Jackson and yells her demands, “Jackson, siiit…siiit!” As she steps backwards and straighten out her fist she says, “Stay…Jackson…stay…” Then, she pats both her thighs and cheerfully says, “Come here boy!” As Jackson listens to her commands he gets rewarded. Burning of energy requires food and naps which applied to all three at the same time.


Sounds of whining and crying came out of the bedroom as the kids wake up from their afternoon nap. The weeping startled Jackson from his nap as well. After forcing himself up and stretching his back legs he shuffled over to the kid’s close door and patiently waits till it opens. Then, in the evening the kids sat watching SpongeBob on the ground. Jackson sat back to back with them guarding and protecting the kids, unless they got up and roam around. Jackson would sit and watch the kids play; turning his head left and right, eyeballing Tylie and Vincent where ever they went. Jackson didn’t mind if the kids lay on his bed with him nor did the kids mind Jackson resting and snoring on their lap. The three of them were very attached to each other and the bonding is still growing as they progress.

First True Love


He was a beauty. The sun glistened off the newly waxed white paint and a carbon fiber hood as a face lift. Reflections beamed off the dark tinted windows. He sat four inched off the ground, hugging the black tar roads as tight as possible with his white sparkling powder coated SI rims, clear corner lights that shined with hyper white bulbs, and a tattoo of a blue scented Hawaiian lei always hanging from the Broadway mirror. Oh, he was a beauty alright! My 1998 five speed manual, three door, LS Acura Integra hatchback known as my Teggie.


Teggie was pretty spoiled for the amount of doe I didn’t have but, work was put into him over time. First, all four original springs were taken out and two and a half coils were clipped off like toe nails. It was slammed! And it caught every eagle eye’s attention that mobbed the streets; at every red stop sign and changing lights. It took every corner and winding road like a dime. But, as sweet as he can be there were flaws of lying so low. Especially when it comes to any size speed bumps (XS, S, M, L, XL), dips in the neighborhood roads, pot holes throughout the city, and uneven railroads tracks. Techniques and swerving maneuver had to be perfected to overcome these obstacles. Brakes were used frequently. Usually slowing Teggie down to a complete stop. Then, hand over hand turning the steering wheel while angling Teggie to a 45 degree angle and slowly crawling at two to five MPH up and over these barriers. Making sure there’s no gashes in the front bumper, scratches on the exhaust, or leaving anything behind. These techniques made us popular. Anyone who was driving behind us was our number one fans. They cheer by honking their horns and waving their hands in the air with their middle finger saying “Hi!” That wasn’t a bother. All that matter was that Teggie was more arrow dynamic.


Outer cosmetic wasn’t the only thing Teggie had done. Increasing horse power was completed by replacing the stalk air filter with a shiny black, blue, and silver INJEN Technology cold air intake. A new GReddy stainless steel headers and a hand me down metallic blue DC strut bar for Teggie’s stability. Oh yeah, a loud roaring ferocious beast he was and a fast one too! Teggie not only have a mean engine but a blasting stereo system as well. Connected to a removable red and blue flashing JVC stereo deck were the stalk speakers and tweeters. They had long blue and red wires hooked up to an amplifier and a 12 inch Alpine subwoofer box. Boom…Boom…Boom… They system rocked harder than the Rise Against concert at the E Center. The base thump was brutal. So brutal that it rattled both the windows on the doors, readjusted the Broadway mirror to a slant, and vibrated the side view mirrors to no reflection. Teggie was perfect and ready for show and tell!


On warm summer night’s rituals were held every weekend down in the secluded factories of Salt Lake City. Supped up cars from Honda's, Mitsubishi's, Nissan's, Toyota's, Subaru’s, and all types of vehicles were parked diagonally in a single file line against the curb. As crowds of people of all gender, age, and color scattered along the streets gawking as we lined up neck to neck with another Acura. In front of us was a girl with hair pulled back in a ponytail, short shorts, and a shimmering tank top. Engines are revving, tires are burning, and clouds of smoke filled the air. While the girl throws both her hands over her head, then out to her sides, finally she bends her knees touching both them hands down to the ground. Tires are screeching and nothing was heard for the next quarter mile until we had the windows rolled down. The audience was whistling, hooting, and talking among themselves about our great performance.


Teggie and I participated in several exciting events and performances. But, a life changing predicament occurred on a crisp fall night after a high scoring game of bowling. The roads were clearer than we’ve ever seen, not a soul insight as we traveled home on I-15 freeway connecting onto a ramp to I-215. Remembering how uneven the pavement was at the end of the turn gives me chills down my spine because that’s when everything lost control. Spinning round and round making two full 360 degree turns; crossing over five lanes on the freeway. BAM! Colliding the passenger side straight into the cement barrier. My hands were clenched tightly around the gray steering wheel while the white heavy airbags punched me in the face. Then like a boomerang we bounced back rotating in half a circle and crashed the front driver side into the same barrier. Teggie ate it hard and had broken bumpers, lights, inside panels, mirrors, and everything. He was a disaster and didn’t survive.


Teggie was wonderful. He took his life and spared mine. I’ll always remember how we rode the streets like we we’re invincible and how he spoke to me in his rumbling voice. So many remarkable life memories we had. He was my first true love.

Recognize Fallacies/Examples-Week 2

Fallacies of Logic - Examples

• Begging the Question - Sales reps are very knowledgeable about their products because knowing the benefits help sell the products.


• Either-or - Either we get rid of that filthy couch or else the baby will break out in rashes.


• False Analogies - Eating raw fish like sushi and sashimi is very healthy and beneficial for your health. We should take out fried fish off restaurant menus.


• Hasty Generalization - Billboards and advertisement on fast food is excessive; that's why obesity is a problem.


• Non Sequitur - If I buy shoes with air pumps, I will be able to play better ball.


• Oversimplification - No one would steal merchandise from a store if a camera was strapped around their heads.


• Post Hoc Fallacy - Jackson has kennel couch and went to the vet for medication. Two days later he has skin pustules on his back. It must have been an allergic reaction.


• Rationalization - I could have washed the dishes if there was more soap.


• Slippery Slope - Anti drug commerical shouldn't be advertise on teen channels because it will cause curious teens to try new things.

Fallacies of Emotion and Language - Examples

• Bandwagon Appeals - Johnson's Baby Oil is clinically proven and is the number one choice of hospitals.

• Name Calling - John Doe is an incompetent person.

• Polarization - Lawyers are fantastic liars.

• Straw Man - If you don't support vegans you must love animal cruelty.

Summary and Analysis Week 1

Let it Snow

Summary:

In the essay of Let it Snow by David Sedaris it recalls a day his fifth grade life when snow fell in North Caroline and school was our for several of days. David and his sisters were kicked out of the house due to their mother's drinking habit. On the fifth day, out of anger David and his sisters decided that a good solution for their problem would be having their youngest sister get hit by a car. But in the end no on gets hurt and after the drama they all went home with their mother as a family.

Analyzing:

1. I think the snowstorm implies how the family's past is by how there are some good days and bad days.
2. I think the adult narrator now looks back and think that the "solution" is a little naive and silly. I believe in the end it shows the narrator feels differently now.
3. Without the humor in the essay it wouldn't been as effective it could have also sent the essay in a different direction.
4. Given the tone in the end of the story it made me feel that the children still care and love their mother after all that hardship due to the mother's nature and nurture.

Monster in Ryokan

Summary:

In the essay Monster in Ryokan by Mary Roach she writes about an experience she had staying in a traditional Japanese hotel. Roach does compare her culture to the Japanese culture in her essay. Also, had a lot of observations on what the Japanese beliefs and tradition are such as taking off your shoes when entering at the door and having different slippers for certain rooms. After Roach know what is expected from the culture it will take her time to adapt.

Analyzing:

1. I think this statement frames the rest of the essay by her observations and comparisons among other cultures. Also, I believe it was very effective the way she began her essay because it catches the reader's attention.
2. I believe the comparisons between the two cultures are applicable. I think she wrote this essay this way because she wanted it to be interesting to the reader and that a person was involved instead of comparing the two cultures side by side.
3. It seems like throughout the essay she presents herself as a victim and it engaged the reader as being in her position to any foreign country.
4. I think people enjoy reading travelers' stories because you can get an idea of people's point of view and experiences on culture, religion, tradition, and also getting knowledge of it.